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Ø The main role of the brake cylinder:
As the core component of the mechanical brake system, the brake cylinder plays a vital role in various industrial equipment, automobiles and lifting machinery. The brake cylinder is the main component that converts fluid pressure into mechanical force, and plays an important role in the brake system of various mechanical equipment. In essence, the brake cylinder is an energy conversion device that can convert the fluid pressure energy in the hydraulic system or pneumatic system into mechanical energy of linear motion, thereby achieving the deceleration or stop of the equipment. In the industrial field, with the continuous improvement of the automation level and safety requirements of equipment, the technical level and application scope of the brake cylinder are also continuously expanding.
The brake cylinder in the brake system is similar to the "muscle tissue" of the human body. It can receive the command signal of the control system and directly act on the brake mechanism to generate braking torque. Depending on the application scenario, the size, structure and performance parameters of the brake cylinder are significantly different. Small brake cylinders may have a diameter of only tens of millimeters and are used for the control of precision equipment; while large hydraulic brake cylinders can have a diameter of hundreds of millimeters and can generate hundreds of kilonewtons of braking force. They are widely used in heavy machinery, lifting equipment and engineering machinery.
From the perspective of technical classification, brake cylinders are mainly divided into two categories: hydraulic brake cylinders and pneumatic brake cylinders. Hydraulic brake cylinders dominate the occasions that require high precision and high loads due to their high power, smooth motion characteristics and precise control performance. Typical hydraulic brake cylinders use mineral oil or synthetic hydraulic oil as the working medium, and output thrust or pulling force through the linear motion of the sealed piston. In contrast, pneumatic brake cylinders use compressed air as the working medium, which is clean and environmentally friendly, fast in response speed and easy to maintain.
In terms of safety performance, the importance of brake cylinders is self-evident. Taking the automotive industry as an example, the braking system is directly related to the driving safety of the vehicle, and the performance of the brake cylinder as an actuator directly affects the braking effect. Statistics show that automobile brake system failure is one of the important causes of traffic accidents, and about 30% of the failures are related to the performance degradation or sealing failure of the brake cylinder. In industrial lifting equipment, the reliability of the brake cylinder is even more related to the safe operation of the entire production system. Once it fails, it may cause serious personal injury and equipment damage accidents. For this reason, all countries have formulated strict brake cylinder technical standards and inspection specifications to ensure its safety performance.
With the advancement of industrial technology, brake cylinders are developing in the direction of intelligence and integration. The new brake cylinder not only has the basic thrust output function, but also integrates multiple sensor functions such as position sensing, pressure monitoring and temperature feedback, which can monitor the working status of the brake cylinder in real time and realize closed-loop control. This intelligent trend enables the brake system to adapt to various working conditions more accurately, and at the same time provides a data basis for predictive maintenance.
Key functional features of brake cylinders--
Two-way control: It can output thrust during braking and quickly release pressure during release, ensuring the sensitivity of braking and release
Adaptability: Automatically adjust the braking force according to the load (for example, the brake cylinder for trucks can adjust the pressure through the empty and loaded vehicle adjustment device)
Safety redundancy: During emergency braking, the brake cylinder can respond quickly and generate maximum braking force (such as direct inflation through the emergency brake valve)
Working principle:
Inflation phase--
When the brake command is issued, compressed air enters the brake cylinder, pushing the piston or diaphragm outward.
The piston rod amplifies the force through the basic brake device (such as lever, pull rod), so that the brake shoe/brake pad presses the friction surface
Relief phase--
When the brake command is released, the air in the brake cylinder is discharged, the piston returns to its position under the action of the return spring, the brake shoe/brake pad is separated from the wheel/brake disc, and the braking force disappears.
Working principle and internal structure of brake cylinder:
The working principle of the brake cylinder is based on fluid mechanics and mechanical transmission, and the conversion of energy forms is realized through precise mechanical structure. A deep understanding of this conversion mechanism is crucial for the correct selection and maintenance of brake cylinders. Although hydraulic brake cylinders and pneumatic brake cylinders have similar structures, their working principles and performance characteristics are also significantly different due to the difference in working nature.
The working process of the hydraulic brake cylinder is a typical application example of Pascal's law. When the pressure oil enters the cylinder, the fluid pressure acting on the piston generates thrust, which pushes the piston rod to move linearly. The magnitude of this thrust depends on the product of the effective area of the piston and the system working pressure. Taking a hydraulic brake cylinder with a cylinder diameter of 40mm as an example, under a working pressure of 8MPa, the theoretical output thrust can reach about 10kN. The core advantage of the hydraulic brake cylinder lies in its smooth movement characteristics, which is due to the almost incompressible characteristics of hydraulic oil, making the movement speed easy to control and steplessly adjustable.
In practical applications, hydraulic brake cylinders are often used in combination with air cylinders to form a gas-liquid damping system. This combination not only takes advantage of the fast response of pneumatic transmission, but also takes advantage of the smooth movement characteristics of hydraulic transmission. It is particularly suitable for occasions that require precise feed control, such as the feed drive of machine tools.
The internal structure of a typical hydraulic brake cylinder includes key components such as cylinder barrel, piston, piston rod, seal, end cover and buffer device. As the core pressure-bearing component, the cylinder barrel is usually made of high-strength alloy steel, and the inner surface is ground or rolled to achieve the required finish. The dynamic seal between the piston and the inner wall of the cylinder barrel is made of wear-resistant materials such as polyurethane or nitrile rubber to ensure sealing performance under high pressure. The piston rod surface is usually hard chrome plated to improve wear resistance and corrosion resistance, which is particularly important for brake cylinders exposed to special environments.
The working principle of pneumatic brake cylinders is similar to that of hydraulic brake cylinders, but their working characteristics are different due to the compressibility of air. The advantages of pneumatic brake cylinders are fast action, clean and pollution-free, but limited by the compressibility of air, their speed control and position accuracy are relatively low. In compound brake systems, gas-liquid damping cylinders combine the advantages of both technologies. This design usually uses pneumatic transmission for fast approach and return strokes, while hydraulic damping is used for speed control and end buffering of the working stroke.
From a thermodynamic point of view, heat accumulation will be generated during the operation of the brake cylinder, especially under frequent braking or high load conditions. The increase in hydraulic oil temperature will cause viscosity changes, which will affect the braking performance; and the compressed air in the pneumatic brake cylinder will produce a low temperature effect when it is discharged quickly, which may cause condensed water to freeze. Therefore, the brake cylinder will consider the thermal balance problem and take corresponding heat dissipation or insulation measures. Some hydraulic brake cylinders are designed with heat sinks or external circulation cooling systems; while pneumatic brake cylinders used in low temperature environments may be equipped with heating devices to prevent freezing. These detailed designs often determine the reliability and life of the brake cylinder under special working conditions.
Technical characteristics and performance parameters of brake cylinders:
As a precision industrial component, the technical characteristics of brake cylinders directly affect the overall performance of the equipment. Different types of brake cylinders have different focuses on structural design, material selection and performance parameters, and are suitable for different working conditions. Understanding the detailed differences in these technical characteristics will help engineers make more reasonable choices in equipment design and maintenance. This section will systematically analyze the technical characteristics of various types of brake cylinders, interpret the practical significance of key performance parameters, and provide readers with professional selection references.
The technical characteristics of hydraulic brake cylinders are their high power density and smooth movement. Since hydraulic oil is almost incompressible, hydraulic brake cylinders can achieve precise speed control and position retention.
The temperature adaptability of hydraulic brake cylinders is also worthy of attention. High-quality products can usually work stably in an ambient temperature range of -10°C to 60°C, and use H-grade hydraulic oil (ISO code HG46, kinematic viscosity is 4.5E at 45°C) internally, which has good viscosity-temperature characteristics. To cope with the change in oil volume, hydraulic brake cylinders are usually equipped with a small compensating oil tank to ensure automatic balance of oil volume. It is worth noting that when the oil level in the tank drops to the lowest scale, the hydraulic oil of the same specification must be replenished in time, otherwise it may cause air to enter the system, affecting the braking performance and even damaging the components. This requires special attention in the daily maintenance of the equipment.
Compared with hydraulic brake cylinders, the advantages of pneumatic brake cylinders are that they do not require complex hydraulic circuits, are simple to maintain, and do not cause hydraulic oil leakage to pollute the environment. However, due to the compressibility of air, its position control accuracy and rigidity are usually not as good as hydraulic brake cylinders.
Key performance parameters of brake cylinders:
Cylinder diameter: determines the output force of the brake cylinder. Common specifications include 40mm, 50mm, 63mm, 80mm and 100mm, etc.
Stroke length: affects the working range. Standard strokes include 50mm, 100mm, 150mm, 200mm, etc. Special strokes can also be provided according to user needs
Working pressure range: hydraulic brake cylinders are usually 4-8bar, while pneumatic brake cylinders may be lower
Load capacity: different with and without valves, the influence of moving mass needs to be considered
Temperature range: most products are suitable for environments from -10°C to 60°C
Speed adjustment range: high-quality products should be able to achieve stable speed control in a wide range
Basic structural parameters:
|
Parameters |
Description |
Example/Range |
|
Cylinder diameter |
The diameter of the brake cylinder piston directly affects the output force |
Hydraulic brake cylinder: 12 mm–100 mm; railway brake cylinder: 40 mm–320 mm |
|
Stroke length |
The maximum extension distance of the piston rod determines the displacement range of the braking action |
Hydraulic brake cylinder: 5 mm–800 mm; Railway brake cylinder: 200–400 mm |
|
Installation methods |
Including axial type, parallel type (top/side), etc., which affect the spatial layout and force transmission efficiency |
Axial type, top, left and right parallel installation |
Mounting method of brake cylinder:
Common installation methods include tripod mounting, flange mounting, trunnion mounting, etc. Different installation methods affect the force condition and maintenance convenience of the brake cylinder. For example, tripod mounting is easy to adjust the position but occupies a large space, while flange mounting is compact but requires high installation accuracy. Equipment designers need to comprehensively consider factors such as mechanical structure layout, force direction and maintenance accessibility to select the most suitable installation method.
In special applications, some brake cylinders also have unique designs to meet special working conditions.
In the automotive brake system, the brake cylinder needs to adapt to the brake fluid of DOT3 or DOT4 standards and have good corrosion resistance and sealing properties. These special requirements make the brake cylinders in related fields unique in design, materials and manufacturing processes, and ordinary industrial brake cylinders cannot be replaced at will.
|
Steps |
Operation points |
Precautions |
|
Positioning and alignment |
Align the brake cylinder to the installation position, ensuring that the piston rod is aligned with the connection hole of the brake beam or push rod |
Use a positioning tool to improve accuracy. |
|
Fix the brake cylinder |
Tighten the fixing bolts according to the torque requirements and cross-tighten in stages to avoid uneven force |
Anti-loosening bolts are required for railway vehicles to prevent loosening due to vibration |
|
Connect pipes/rods |
Pneumatic system: connect the brake air duct and ensure sealing; hydraulic system: install the brake fluid pipeline to avoid twisting or bending |
Use sealant or raw tape to prevent leakage; air tightness test after completion. |
|
Adjust the piston stroke |
Adjust the piston stroke to the standard value through the brake adjuster or manually (for example, the railway brake cylinder needs to be measured with a round steel inserted into the piston rod hole) |
Too large a stroke will reduce the braking force, too small a stroke will easily cause dragging of the brake |
Key points
- Safety protection: Wear goggles and gloves during installation to prevent spring rebound or high-pressure gas damage (especially the energy storage spring of the spring brake cylinder is at a higher risk).
- Lubrication requirements: The inner wall of the piston and the leather cup need to be coated with special grease (such as silicone-based grease), but avoid contaminating the friction surface
- Environmental control: Avoid operating in dusty, high-temperature or corrosive environments to prevent premature aging of components
Ø Product advantages and application value of brake cylinder
- In terms of system integration, a good hydraulic brake cylinder design has a variety of installation interfaces and connection methods, which is easy to integrate into various mechanical equipment. Some brake cylinders are also equipped with a small compensating oil tank to ensure automatic balance of oil volume, simplify system design and improve reliability. For equipment manufacturers, this ready-to-use design means a shorter development cycle and lower integration risk, which can accelerate product time to market and enhance market competitiveness.
- Energy-saving and environmental protection characteristics have gradually become an important selling point for high-end brake cylinders. Modern hydraulic brake cylinders use efficient sealing technology to reduce hydraulic oil leakage, which not only reduces operating costs but also reduces environmental pollution. Pneumatic brake cylinders are particularly suitable for industries with high requirements for environmental cleanliness, such as food, medicine and electronics, due to their clean and pollution-free characteristics. From the perspective of corporate social responsibility, choosing brake cylinder products with excellent environmental performance can help users achieve sustainable development goals and enhance the green image of the company. At the same time, energy-saving design also directly reduces the energy consumption of equipment operation. Especially in large-scale industrial equipment, this energy-saving effect will become very considerable after long-term accumulation.
- Safety and reliability are the core advantages of brake cylinder products that cannot be compromised. In safety-critical applications such as lifting machinery, the design of the brake cylinder must meet technical requirements and have sufficient strength, rigidity and stability to ensure reliable operation under various predetermined conditions. A good brake cylinder will take into account all the hazards that may be foreseen at different stages of its expected life cycle and take corresponding measures to eliminate or reduce risks. Although this high-reliability design may increase product costs, it is undoubtedly worth the investment compared to the production losses, equipment damage and even casualties that may be caused by accidents. Statistics show that the use of high-quality brake cylinders in key processes can significantly reduce the unplanned downtime rate of equipment and improve production efficiency.
Table: Comprehensive application value analysis of high-quality brake cylinders
|
Product advantages |
Technical features |
User benefits |
Typical application scenarios |
|
Precision control |
Adjustable speed, high position accuracy |
Improve product quality, reduce waste |
Precision assembly, machine tool processing |
|
Durable design |
High-quality materials, wear-resistant seals |
Reduce maintenance costs, extend life |
Heavy machinery, harsh environments |
|
Safe and reliable |
Comply with safety standards, redundant design |
Reduce accidents, ensure production |
Lifting machinery, dangerous working conditions |
Ø Maintenance and troubleshooting of brake cylinders
As a key component in mechanical equipment, the performance status of the brake cylinder directly affects the reliability and safety of the entire system. Scientific and reasonable maintenance can not only extend the service life of the brake cylinder, but also prevent sudden failures and ensure production continuity.
Hydraulic oil management is the core content of hydraulic brake cylinder maintenance. High-quality brake fluid should have the characteristics of high boiling point, good low-temperature fluidity, no corrosion to metal, and good compatibility with sealing materials. According to experience, when different types of brake fluids are mixed, the boiling point will be reduced, especially when mixed with inferior brake fluids. The brakes will fail significantly at low temperatures and corrode the brake pump and rubber parts. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly use the hydraulic oil recommended by the manufacturer and avoid mixing different brands or models of oil. Technical research shows that excessive water mixed in the brake fluid will directly reduce the boiling point of the brake fluid. When water enters the brake fluid, the brake fluid's ability to resist air resistance is greatly reduced. For example, in the winter in the Northeast region, the brake fluid with a normal index of -40℃ may have solidified and not flowed at -20℃~30℃, causing brake failure. It is recommended to replace the hydraulic oil every two years or 2000 hours of operation. The replacement cycle should be shortened appropriately in a humid environment. When replacing the oil, the system needs to be thoroughly cleaned to ensure that the new oil is not contaminated. Sealing system inspection is an important part of preventive maintenance. If the piston rod seal and end cover seal of the brake cylinder are worn or aged, it will cause oil leakage and pressure drop. Daily inspection should pay attention to whether there is an oil film on the surface of the piston rod, which is often an early sign of seal failure. The standard brake fluid expansion rate is generally within 0.1%-5%. If inferior brake fluid is used, the leather cup is easy to expand and deform, causing the vehicle to leak oil, flip during braking, and cause accidents. For pneumatic brake cylinders, the inner wall of the cylinder should be checked regularly for scratches or corrosion, which will accelerate the wear of the seals. Experience shows that in dusty environments, dust rings should be installed on the piston rod and cleaned regularly to prevent abrasive particles from entering the sealing system and causing wear.
Performance monitoring and testing can help detect potential problems early. It is recommended to conduct a brake cylinder performance test once a month, including the following:
No-load running test: observe whether the piston rod moves smoothly, whether there is any jamming or creeping
Load capacity test: verify whether the output force meets the standard under the rated working pressure
Pressure holding test: check the pressure holding capacity after stopping the pressure supply and judge the internal leakage
Speed regulation test: verify whether the speed regulating valve functions normally
This quantitative monitoring method is more reliable than relying on experience and can detect potential faults earlier. Common fault diagnosis requires a systematic approach. Brake cylinder failures are usually manifested as insufficient output force, unstable movement, slow response or external leakage. These symptoms may be caused by a variety of reasons and need to be checked step by step.
Typical causes of failure include:
Hydraulic oil contamination or deterioration: causing valve core jamming and reduced pump efficiency
Aging of seals: causing internal or external leakage
Piston rod scratches: damaging seals and causing leakage
Air mixed into the system: causing unstable movement
Clogged or worn regulating valve: affecting speed control accuracy
It is worth noting that air blockage is more common in frequently used hydraulic brake cylinders. When the driver finds that the brake system is getting softer and softer during normal driving, and there is no shortage of brake fluid, the brakes often fail to stop. This is the phenomenon of air blockage caused by bubbles in the brake fluid.
The most common and direct reason for brake fluid air blockage is that the brake fluid becomes hot due to long-term use of brakes to control vehicle speed. The temperature of the brake machine rises rapidly after continuous compression, and the brake fluid is easy to produce steam when heated, forming bubbles. Rapid braking will feel a gap, which is caused by air pressure. Professional maintenance technology is essential to restore the performance of the brake cylinder. When the brake cylinder needs to be disassembled for maintenance, a scientific process must be followed-
Before disassembly, clean the outside thoroughly to prevent contaminants from entering the system, and use special tools to disassemble to avoid damage to the precision matching surface. Check the wear of all parts and measure key dimensions. Replace all seals and parts with excessive wear. Clean all parts, especially oil channels and small holes. Reassemble using the correct method to ensure that all components are in good condition.
For hydraulic brake cylinders, full exhaust operation must be performed after maintenance. The exhaust should start from the slave cylinder far away from the master cylinder. The method is as follows: fill the brake system reservoir with brake fluid to the highest liquid level indication, connect one end of a transparent hose to the bleed screw, and place the other end below the brake fluid level in a transparent container, step on the brake pedal several times, and when the pedal is in the stepped position, loosen the bleed screw on the slave cylinder, release the brake fluid mixed with bubbles, and immediately tighten the anti-air screw. Repeat the above operation until the fluid flowing out of the slave cylinder no longer contains bubbles. Maintenance record management is often overlooked but extremely important. It is recommended to establish an independent maintenance file for each key brake cylinder, recording information such as installation date, daily inspection results, performance test data, maintenance history, and replacement parts.
The following is a summary table of key points for brake cylinder maintenance and care:
|
Maintenance items |
Key operation points |
Precautions |
|
Sealing inspection |
Check whether the piston seal and pipe interface are leaking to ensure that there is no leakage of brake fluid or air |
If leakage is found, the seal or fastening parts must be replaced immediately to avoid brake failure |
|
Brake fluid management |
Check the fluid level regularly (about 6mm from the top of the cylinder), and replace the brake fluid every 2 years or as required by the manual |
Use the specified type of brake fluid, and do not mix different brands to prevent corrosion of seals |
|
Cleaning and rust prevention |
Regularly remove oil and dust from the brake cylinder surface, and apply anti-rust grease to non-friction areas |
Lubricants are prohibited from contacting friction surfaces or seals to avoid degradation of braking performance |
|
Abnormal symptom monitoring |
Pay attention to the hardness and softness of the brake pedal, travel changes or vehicle deviation, and promptly check for brake cylinder failures |
The pedal may become soft due to air intake in the hydraulic system, and if the vehicle deviates, check whether the brake cylinder on one side is stuck |
|
Professional disassembly and inspection cycle |
Disassemble the brake cylinder every 30,000 kilometers or 2 years, replace aging seals, and lubricate moving parts |
Complex faults (such as piston rust) are recommended to be handled by professional technicians |
Ø Precautions and safety specifications for the use of brake cylinders
The correct use of brake cylinders is directly related to the safety of equipment and the personal safety of operators. Relevant operating procedures and technical specifications must be strictly followed. Brake cylinders in different application scenarios have specific usage requirements and safety precautions. Understanding these details can prevent potential risks and ensure long-term stable operation of the equipment. This section will elaborate on the key precautions in the selection, installation, operation and scrapping of brake cylinders, and provide practical safety operation guidelines.
When selecting a brake cylinder, it is necessary to ensure that its technical parameters match the actual working conditions, including but not limited to: load size and nature (constant load, impact load, etc.), operating frequency and duty cycle
Ambient temperature, humidity and corrosiveness, installation space and connection method, etc. Users should select the appropriate specifications based on actual thrust requirements and installation space. Brake cylinders for lifting machinery must also meet the specified technical requirements and have a high safety factor and reliability design. Improper selection may cause premature failure or insufficient performance of the brake cylinder, burying safety hazards. Typical errors include using small-sized brake cylinders to barely cope with large loads, using standard sealing materials in high-temperature environments, or not selecting special surface treatments in corrosive environments. Installation and debugging specifications directly affect the working performance and service life of the brake cylinder.
Precautions during installation:
- Ensure that the installation base has sufficient rigidity to avoid deformation or vibration during operation
- Strictly align according to the requirements of the instructions to prevent lateral force from damaging the piston rod
- Use appropriate torque to tighten the connecting bolts to avoid deformation caused by over-tightening or looseness caused by over-loosening,Leave enough space for maintenance and adjustment
After installation, the speed control characteristics should be carefully debugged to ensure that the extension and return speed of the piston rod meet the process requirements. During debugging, the pressure should be gradually increased from the lowest pressure to observe whether the movement is stable and whether there is any creeping or impact. When installing the gas-liquid composite system, special attention should be paid to the correct connection of the gas circuit and the oil circuit to avoid functional abnormalities caused by misconnection. All installation and debugging work should be completed by trained professionals and relevant records should be kept, which is of great reference value for subsequent maintenance and fault diagnosis.
Operation and use taboos are an important guarantee for safe operation. When using the brake cylinder, the following operations must be strictly avoided:
- Use beyond the rated working pressure, which may cause seal failure or structural damage
- Use in an environment beyond the allowable temperature range, high temperature will accelerate seal aging, and low temperature will affect the fluidity of the oil
- Frequent overload operation, even short-term overload will shorten the service life
- Use hydraulic oil or brake fluid that does not meet the requirements
- Adjust the setting value of the safety valve or pressure limiter at will
- Ignore warning signals such as abnormal noise, vibration or temperature rise
It is worth noting that mini cars have a large number of shares in society due to their low price and convenience of use, but mini cars have a lower safety factor due to their small model and relatively simple technology. This requires us to pay more attention to safety issues in normal use, especially the selection and reasonable use of brake fluid in the brake system will directly affect the driver's driving and life safety.
Air blockage prevention measures are also important for hydraulic brake cylinders. Air blockage can cause the brakes to become "soft" or even completely fail, which is especially dangerous when driving on long slopes or braking frequently. Preventive measures include:
- Use high-quality brake fluid as much as possible. This type of product is not easy to produce air blockage when used at high temperatures
- Avoid frequent use of brakes when driving at high speeds. If necessary, brake slowly in advance, that is, brake to slow down
- When driving for a long time, you can wrap a warm cloth on the master brake cylinder to cool it down. Bring water and drip water on the wet cloth to cool it down frequently, which can achieve the effect of preventing air blockage
- Check the brake fluid status regularly and remove bubbles in time
- Keep the hydraulic system well sealed to prevent air inhalation
Safety protection devices are the last safety guarantee. Critical braking systems must be equipped with appropriate safety devices. Including: pressure limiting valve to prevent system overpressure, explosion-proof valve to prevent load loss when the hose ruptures, position sensor to monitor the working status of the brake cylinder, manual release device, which can still operate when the power fails.
The user must ensure that these safety devices are always in good condition and test their functional effectiveness regularly. The shielding or removal of any safety device must be strictly approved and equivalent temporary protection measures must be taken.
The scrapping and renewal standards are related to the intrinsic safety of the equipment. The brake cylinder should be considered for scrapping and updating when it reaches the following conditions:
- Cracks or severe corrosion on key components
- Wear on the inner wall of the cylinder exceeds the allowable tolerance
- Wear on the hardened layer on the piston rod surface, and visible scratches appear
- Performance still cannot meet the requirements after multiple repairs
- Reaching the design service life
It should be emphasized that the brake cylinder, as a safety-critical component, should not extend the use of obviously aged products for short-term cost savings. The technical regulations for the safety of lifting machinery clearly require that the design documents should clearly specify the design service life of the lifting machinery, and the user unit should formulate a reasonable update plan based on this. Environmental protection regulations should be followed during scrapping, and materials such as hydraulic oil and seals should be recycled in a classified manner to avoid environmental pollution.
Personnel training requirements are a soft but key link in safety management. Operators and maintenance personnel must receive professional training, which should include:
- Basic principles and structure of the equipment
- Daily inspection and maintenance points
- Common fault identification and handling methods
- Safety operating procedures
- Emergency response measures
Training should not be a one-time thing, but should be updated regularly, especially when the equipment is upgraded or a new brake cylinder is replaced. The user unit should keep complete training records and regularly evaluate the training results. Only qualified personnel can operate and maintain the brake system.
